Blue Tea and the Mist Part III

They slept till dawn. Their sense of urgency seemed to have vanished with a good nights sleep. Against the rising sun to the east, the strange forest shimmered golden. Betulee realized that he had never appreciated the beauty of the forests back home.

 

“Come, let’s go,” Toolong said. He placed his hands on Betulee’s shoulders as they watched the glimmering forest. “Feeling better now?”

“Feeling great,” said Betulee with a wide grin.

They set off, with Mangkey once again perched on Toolong’s right shoulder. This time, they headed deeper into the forest.

 

For two more days, nothing around them changed. Even spaced trees, no undergrowth, no wildlife. On the third day, they encountered mist. Thick wet mist, like the mist they encountered earlier on. They continued through the mist at a steady pace. They walked in a straight line between the orderly trees, cutting through the mist like it wasn’t there. In the morning of the next day, they reached the edge of the forest. The mist was gone completely.

Before them, there were no trees. Just flat grassland that stretched for many miles. At the edge of the grassland, what appeared to be large high buildings could barely be seen. It had to be a city.

Weary to leave the forest, the trio studied the new landscape. Mangkey chattered nervously when Toolong pointed to the cityscape.

“That’s where we are going,” Toolong declared.

“To find blue tea,” Betulee added.

 

For days they walked upon the bare grassland, the sun scorching them. Was it the same sun, Betulee wondered. Probably not. Their sun back home was not so hot! They wanted to construct sun shades, but didn’t have anything in their backpacks that they could utilise. They resorted to tying clothes to their heads. Another shirt was spread out between their heads, providing some protection to Mangkey who sat below.

The grassland was truly bare, nothing grew except grass. A single species of grass. All uniform. They trampled along, feeling miserable as their “adventure” had turned into something so boring. They were also running out of food and water, but the city now appeared barely a days walk away.

 

The next day, indeed the grasslands ended. But instead of the city, they came upon what appeared to be a farm. The cityscape was further back still!

There were vegetables planted in neat rows. Familiar vegetables; cabbages, carrots and others. They spotted what appeared to be a small wood house about half a mile away. There was no one in sight.

Betulee’s heart started pounding furiously. How were they going to interact with the inhabitants of this new land? Were they hostile to strangers? Did they speak the same language? How would they explain themselves?

“Hold on,” Betulee said and he grasped Toolong’s arm. “We need a plan.”

Toolong stopped. “What do you propose?” he asked.

“I don’t know,” Betulee said frantically. “What are we going to do?”

“I don’t know either,” Toolong said. “But let’s go nearer and see.”

“What if they are not people like us?” Betulee asked.

“Bee, you worry too much!” Toolong said.

“I’m just cautious,” Betulee said. “We have no idea what’s going to happen.”

“True.” Toolong said. “But there’s no point worrying over nothing! Come lets go and get a closer look.”

 

They peered through the glass window. Inside, they could see a young girl, perhaps about twelve or thirteen, sitting alone, reading a book. Suddenly she looked up and her eyes widened in surprise. She got up and hurried to the window.

“Let’s go!” whispered Betulee. He tried to retread, but Toolong held him firmly, preventing him from leaving.

“Don’t be afraid,” he said.

They stared at the girl and she stared back at them. Then she reached out with her palm and touched the glass separating them. Then she turned and ran away.

“What now?” Betulee asked.

“I don’t know,” Toolong said.

Just a moment later, feeling his shirt being pulled from behind. He turned and saw it was the girl, her right hand pulling his shirt, as she stared at him, a wide smile on her face.

“Hello,” the girl said.

“Hello,” the boys replied.

A childhood memory

This short piece was written during a creative writing class. Typed out and edited at home.

A childhood memory.

Dedicated to my cousin.

                  I used to have a lot of fun at cousin’s house. Some afternoons, my elder brother and I would walk over to his terrace house just a few houses away. We happily played together, at least once a week. I especially enjoyed playing TV-games. Our favourite game was “Street Fighter” and we loved challenging each other. Sometimes, we would also play with his “Power Ranger” action toys and sometimes we would watch cartoons. I loved going over as we didn’t have a TV-game, or as many toys as he had. His mother would often interrupt our gaming sessions and call us for tea break. We always drank Ribena and I loved it as we never had Ribena back home. Some days, cousin would come over to our house instead and we would play computer games. He always enjoyed himself very much since his family didn’t have a computer.
                  He was the only cousin I played with. We were not very close with my father’s side relatives and only met during the Chinese New Year. My mother, a Singaporean, has few relatives in Kuching. Every Chinese New Year, my father would go to cousin’s house and gamble with his cousin’s. Us kids would watch and play. As it approached midnight, we would often play firecrackers to welcome the New Year.
                  It all came to an end one year. Us cousins got into a fight, and being the smallest, I was the victim. Seeing me cry, my overprotective mother forbade us to go to cousin’s house. Since then, we rarely went over to play. Slowly, over time, we drifted apart. A few years later, cousin moved away to a new house and we met only during Chinese New Year or during clan gatherings. Although much time has passed, and we are all grown up now, I’m am thankful for the fun times I had at cousin’s house. It was one of the few times where I played with other children.

Eczema, scratching, and its treatment using corticosteroids

Eczema is a term for several different types of skin inflammation and is characterized by itching, redness, skin edema, dryness, crusting, flaking, blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding. Eczema is thought to be inherited, although its etiology is poorly understood. It is thought to be a more chronic type I hypersensitive reaction. Type 1 hypersensitive reactions manifest themselves differently in different tissues. Eczema occurs on skin.

 

 Nasty eczema on my thigh!

 

Eczema involves the release of pro-inflammatory substances triggered by an allergy or hypersensitive reaction. This allergy reaction is caused by the degranulation of mast cells, eosinophils or basophils by IgE. One of the possible purposes of type 1 hypersensitive reaction is to provide protection against parasites. The itch caused by the degranulation of mast cells will cause scratching and this will be likely to remove the parasite.

Mast cells synthesize and store histamine, TNF α, and other inflammatory mediators in granules. Unlike other Immunoglobulins, the Fc portion of IgE bind tightly and irreversibly to the Fcεri receptor on the mast cells, basophils or eosinophils in the absence of antigen. The granules are released (degranulated) immediately when the IgE binds to an allergen (Allergen is a non dangerous enviromental antigen that induces a hypersensitive reaction). The histamine released will bind to the H1 receptor on endothelial cells of blood vessels. This triggers vasodilation and increase in vessel permeability, causing the entry of other effector cells into the allergy- containing tissue. TNF α released will activate endothelial cells causing them to increase expression of adhesion molecules. This promotes leukocyte traffic from the blood into the inflamed tissue. Thus, acute inflammation will occur. However, after the immediate reaction phase, there will be a late-phase reaction due to other inflammatory substances such as leuikotrienes that are synthesized by mast cells.

Scratching not only has a significant effect on the appearance of the involved skin but will also further damage the skin barrier and will provoke the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines that make the itching worse. Scratching may well produce breaks in the skin which, which are also itchy and leads to a vicious itch-scratch cycle being set up which increases the risk of secondary infection which is most frequently caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. (Adapted from http://www.eczemaguide.com/eczema_basics/facts/itch.html)

            One of the best ways to treat eczema is using a corticosteroid such as Betnovate-N cream. BNC contains betamethasone valerate that helps to reduce the redness, itching, and swelling of skin conditions. When betamethasone is applied to the skin it works by acting inside the skin cells to decrease the release of these inflammatory substances. BNC  also contains neomycin sulphate, an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside type.. It works by entering bacterial cells and interfering with the production of proteins that the bacteria need to divide and multiply. This rapidly kills the bacteria. This medication is usually applied 2 or 3 times daily or according to doctor’s instruction. Enough medication should be applied to completely cover the affected area with a thin film. The user should avoid applying the medication in or near the eyes as glaucoma may occur. Caution should be taken when using BNC. Please consult your doctor or pharmacist!

 

References:

Peter Parham. 2005. The Immune System. Garland Science. USA. 

Anon. Eczema. Year unknown. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eczema

Anon. Itch. Year unknown. Accessed online from http://www.eczemaguide.com/eczema_basics/facts/itch.html

Anon. Betnovate. Year Unknown. Accessed online from http://www.medbroadcast.com/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=706

Anon. Betnovate-N cream/ointment. Year unknown. Accessed from http://www.tiscali.co.uk/lifestyle/healthfitness/health_advice/netdoctor/archive/100000295.html

Curing an itch!

I’ve been having a nasty rash (hives or eczema) on my thighs for weeks which gets so itchy during bedtime that I have trouble sleeping. So far only a good scratch would relieve the itch…but then, scratching prevents the skin from healing and thats why its been going on for soooo many weeks already!

Searching online, I finally found a remedy that FINALLY seems to work. Applying heat to the area seems to work really well. I used a copper cup filled with very hot water. As hot as I could take without it being painful/burning. At first, there was a great itch when the skin comes in contact with the heat. It felt like “pin pricks of itchiness” erupting and I just had to bear it. That’s because the excessive heat triggered the release of histamines by mast cells all at once. Then after a while, the itch subsided. Once all the histamines have been released, the body needs a few hours to replenish those histamines. Hence, temporary relief!! 

According to the internet, it works on mosquito bites and all sorts of itches too :)

Anyway, from what I learnt from Immunology, igE will bind strongly to mast cells and trigger the release of histamine. So although the histamine has been released, the IgE is STILL binding to the mast cells and will cause the release of more histamine later on! I hate this Hypersensitive Type I reaction!! (Better check whether Type I is correct) 

Hopefully tonight I don’t scratch and the rash will heal. Such a long post about a little rash, but its really been bugging me for the last few weeks!

Blue Tea and the Mist Part II

The other side was dark and only the light wall that spanned behind them gave out light. Betulee could hardly see anything as they moved forward and he began to speak. Toolong quickly palmed Betulee’s mouth, silencing him. They were not safe yet. Toolong pointed to something. There were black shapes in front of them, just a few feet away! They quickly skirted to the left along the light wall, creeping as quietly as possible, hoping that no one would spot the light they blocked.

The wall seemed to go on forever and they entered what seemed like a forest. Eventually, dawn broke and things started to take form. The forest around them was rather thin, and the trees were evenly spaced and of the same size. There was no undergrowth and the whole forest seemed unnatural. There was no wildlife in sight, only the sounds of insects.

  Toolong led them on and on, following the light wall further and further. Unlike Mangkey who sat patiently on Toolong’s shoulder, Betulee could no longer take it. He felt exhausted and his muscles ached. He looked at Toolong and wondered how he could continue. His face was determined and his steps steady. Betulee needed a short break, just for a moment.

“Hold up,” Betulee called and slumped to the ground.

“Alright, a short break,” Toolong said. He planted his back against a tree and slid to the ground. “I’m exhausted.”

“Let me just close my eyes for a moment,” Betulee said. He shut his eyes and soon dozed off.

When he woke up, he found Mangkey sitting on his lap clutching a scrap of paper.

“I’ll be back shortly,” it read. Toolong was no where in sight although Toolong’s backpack was left beside Betulee. Betulee had no idea how long he had been asleep but he already felt refreshed. The suns rays seemed to come from the west, meaning he had slept for at least a few hours. Feeling hungry, he opened his backpack and took out some biscuits. He shared it with Mangkey who took the biscuit graciously. After eating his fill, he closed his eyes again and fell asleep. 

When he awoke again, he was surrounded by darkness. Fear gripped him He whispered Toolong’s name but there was no reply. He could still feel Mangkey sitting on him. At least he was not alone. He called Mangkey’s name and the monkey chattered softly. Needing some comfort from the darkness, he reached out and cradled Mangkey to his chest. Mangkey responded by hugging him tightly. Betulee desperately wanted to light a torch but not knowing what attention he would attract, he did not dare. His tried to think about the place he was in, but his imagination was limited. He was unable to picture the new world he was in now. He wished Toolong would return soon. What had taken him so long? What if something had happened to him? Betulee desperately fought the urge to light a torch. Just a while longer and Toolong would return, he told himself. As fear coursed through him, He questioned his own stupidity and regretted his decision to explore the mist. It was all Toolong’s fault for dragging him along! And Langley’s fault too! He wondered what had happened to Langley. Probably caught by the black figures, maybe even dead. Betulee refused to admit that the same fate could be awaiting him.

 Suddenly he heard soft footsteps. Mangkey chattered in delight and Betulee knew that Toolong had returned.

“What took you so long?” Betulee asked angrily.

“I got lost. Miscounted the steps. Had a good rest?” Toolong asked. “I’m exhausted.” He moved towards Betulee’s voice, felt around a bit and sat down beside him. Mangkey quickly jumped over and Toolong started petting him.

“What have you found?” Betulee asked.

“Nothing much.” Toolong answered.

“All that time and nothing much?” Betulee asked angrily.  “Don’t you know I was waiting for you? How could you just take of like that without telling me?”  He felt like he was about to burst.

“I’m sorry you needed a rest,” Toolong called back.

“I’m sorry I came with you!” Betulee said. He felt like crying and his voice felt like it was caught in his throat. There was a moment of silence.

“I’m sorry,” Toolong said softly. He reached over and gripped Betulee’s shoulder.

Betulee fought back his tears. “I’m sorry too,” he said.

“Thank you for coming with me,” Toolong said softly.

“Hey, not at all. I want to do this too,” Betulee said.

“Allright, I need some rest now,” Toolong said. “Don’t go exploring in case you get lost!”

Betulee could only smile as Toolong quickly dozed off. He was glad that his friend had returned safely.